Uses
Although intended by Eli Lilly to be used as a nasal decongestant, methylhexaneamine has been marketed by certain companies as a dietary supplement in combination with caffeine and other ingredients, under trade names such as Geranamine and Floradrene, to be used as an OTC thermogenic or general purpose stimulant. Methylhexaneamine itself has not been studied intensively and its pharmacological profile has not been evaluated since Eli Lilly filed its patent in 1944, stating that the stimulant effects on the CNS are less than that of the related compounds amphetamine and ephedrine.[5]
Methylhexaneamine is not FDA approved in its own right, although it is a component of geranium oil which is approved for use in foods, and so this has been used to justify claims that it should be classified as a dietary supplement rather than a pharmaceutical product. It is technically correct to say that methylhexaneamine is a dietary supplement, as it is a component of the oil from Pelargonium graveolens, which is approved for use in food. Methylhexaneamine has been demonstrated to comprise 0.66 - 1% of geranium oil,[6] a similar compound to plant ratio as many other commonly available herbs. With this being said, even pure synthetic methylhexaneamine is compliant under FDA law, and the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) in particular, as it allows for the synthesis of compounds which were originally found in commonly-known food sources. This law allows for compounds such as Vitamin C, originally stemming from citrus fruits, to be synthesized almost exclusively and still be compliant.
Like all stimulants, methylhexaneamine carries a risk. Abusing any stimulant can have serious side effects and it is important to follow the proper dosing instructions and care must be taken to not abuse this substance past the recommended doses in products.
[edit] Use as a recreational drug
In New Zealand, methylhexanamine (under the name 1,3-dimethylamylamine or DMAA) is an emerging active ingredient of party pills [7], where it has replaced benzylpiperazine or BZP which has been illegal in that country since 2008. Serious adverse effects including headache, nausea, and stroke have been reported in recreational users of these products.[8] In November 2009, the New Zealand government indicated that methylhexanamine would be scheduled as a restricted substance. Listing a drug as a restricted substance in New Zealand means it would be illegal to:[9]
Sell or supply methylhexanamine to anyone under 18
Advertise methylhexanamine in the media
Offer methylhexanamine as a gift or reward
Sell or supply methylhexanamine from premises where alcohol is sold or from service stations
Sell methylhexanamine from any premises where children or minors gather
[edit] Doping in sports
In 2009, the World Anti-Doping Agency added methylhexanamine to the 2010 prohibited list.[10]
Methylhexanamine was implicated as a stimulant used by five Jamaican athletes in 2009. JADCO, the Jamaican anti-doping panel, was initially unable to determine whether it was prohibited by the rules,[11] but subsequently decided to impose sanctions on some of the affected athletes on the grounds that the drug was similar in structure to the banned substance tuaminoheptane.[12]
During the 2010 Commonwealth Games, Nigerian athlete Damola Osayemi was stripped of her gold medal in the 100m after methylhexanamine was detected during drug testing.[13] Subsequently, another Nigerian athlete, Samuel Okon, who finished sixth in the 110m hurdles, also tested positive for the drug.[14]
In October 2010, two Portuguese cyclists - Rui Costa and his brother Mario - tested positive for the substance. The samples were taken during the Portuguese National Championships at the end of June.[15]
In October 2010, nine Australian athletes have been found by Australian Sports Anti-doping Authority to have tested positive for the substance. These players may include NRL and AFL players. [16]
In November 2010 two South African rugby union players, Chiliboy Ralepelle and Bjorn Basson, were found to have tested positive for the substance on their annual tour of the Northern Hemisphere, and were immediately sent home from the tour by the South African Rugby Union, although it is possible that the players may have ingested the substance inadvertently in the form of medication for flu symptoms.[17]
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